Stocks rose early last week and, despite data showing that U.S. employers are eliminating more jobs than they have in five years, held onto their gains. There was a palpable relief that some banks such as Merrill Lynch & Co. feel they have enough cash, while others in need of capital -- namely Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. and Switzerland's UBS AG -- are able to sell stock to raise cash.
Now that JPMorgan Chase & Co. has offered to buy Bear Stearns Cos. and the Federal Reserve has lent hundreds of billions of dollars to banks, investors are more confident that the financial system can bounce back from what looked last month like a worst-case scenario: a big bank on the brink of collapse.
Wall Street knows other problems could arise, but at this point the overriding sentiment is that troubles down the road won't pull the whole market and economy down with them.
"There's been so much talk of recession for so long now. If anything, I get the sense that people are looking to get back in," said Brian Gendreau, investment strategist for ING Investment Management. But they're apprehensive, he added. "There's bad economic news still coming in. It takes some pretty steely nerves."
The Dow Jones industrial average finished last week up 3.22 percent, the Standard & Poor's 500 index rose 4.86 percent, and the Nasdaq composite index ended up 4.20 percent.
The stock market's recovery was aided by selling exhaustion among big investors. Although it's impossible to predict the market's direction, it's likely that stocks are going to be driven less by investors' need to cash out, and more by the fundamentals underlying each stock. Those fundamentals will be determined mostly by profit reports.
Alcoa Inc. on Monday reports first-quarter results, and analysts, on average, predict the aluminum company's earnings per share fell 36 percent from where they were last year. Another Dow component, General Electric Co., reports on Friday, and the average analyst estimate is for a 16 percent gain in per-share earnings.
The big headliners, however, are likely to be next week's bank earnings.
Last week, the various banks traded more divergently from one another than they have in months, indicating that there is less fear about the sector as a whole. This is not to say the battered financial sector's troubles are over. Rather, there are winners and losers emerging, and market participants know that buying the winners now could bring huge returns in the months and years to come.
Meanwhile, the Fed on Tuesday is scheduled to release minutes from its March 18 meeting, when it lowered the key interest rate to 2.25 percent. Though the minutes will be regarded to some extent as old news -- they precede the Bear Stearns buyout -- investors will want to see evidence that the Fed remains ready to come to the financial system's rescue if the credit markets deteriorate further.
It's certainly possible the credit markets, though they've loosened up over the past week, could seize up again. The reason is the housing market is anticipated to take at least another year to recover. On Tuesday, economists expect the National Association of Realtors to report that pending sales of homes in February were only slightly higher than in January -- which saw the second-lowest reading on record.
"The core, the kernel, of the credit problems are mortgages," said Quincy Krosby, chief investment strategist at The Hartford. She said defaults in Alt-A mortgages may spike higher since they became popular relatively late in the mortgage boom. Alt-A mortgages are loans to individuals with cleaner credit records than subprime borrowers, but who are not considered prime.
